KAS - Mobility Transformation

Authors

Prof. Myounggu Kang, Professor | Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Seoul

Dr. Youngho Kim, Chief Director | Senior Research Fellow, Department of Mobility Transformation, Korea Transport Institute

Abstract

The rapid advancement of technologies, artificial intelligence (AI), automated driving, including the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data analytics, has significantly transformed the transportation sector. This chapter introduces the concept of mobility, distinguishing it from traditional transportation by emphasizing freedom of movement rather than the mere act of carrying people or goods. It examines the evolving interplay between transportation, accessibility, and mobility, illustrating how societal changes, economic development, and technological innovations have shaped contemporary mobility paradigms.

Key drivers of mobility transformation include shifts in travel demand and emerging mobility services based on technological advancements, such as eco-friendly transportation and Mobility as a Service (MaaS). The chapter outlines four core directions for mobility transformation: sustainability, inclusivity, affordability and alterations in urban spatial structure. Additionally, it highlights the role of automated driving, electrification, digitalization, and sharing of transportation modes in shaping future mobility systems. By integrating technological innovations with policy frameworks, mobility transformation aims to achieve universal mobility services, ensuring equitable access while addressing environmental and social challenges.

Executive Summary

1. Introduction

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has reshaped transportation through AI, IoT, and big data analytics.
Societal shifts, such as aging populations, increased leisure travel and telecommuting, have altered travel demand.

2. From Transportation to Mobility

Traditionally, transportation focused on the means of carrying goods efficiently, people were usually bound to their land on which they lived.
Mobility, in contrast, prioritizes freedom of movement, enabling individuals to choose when, where, and how they travel.
Economic growth and social change have increased demand for personalized, flexible mobility solutions.

3. Interrelationship Between Transportation, Accessibility, and Mobility

Mobility is distinct from transportation, as it focuses on a person’s ability to move freely.
Accessibility focuses on the assessment if travel is affordable to e.g. obtain necessary goods and services.
Mobility transformation is driven by technological advancements, societal needs, and environmental considerations.

4. Vision and Directions of Mobility Transformation

The vision of mobility transformation is to convert the power source of transportation to renewable energy, to replace drivers by automated driving systems, and to bring down marginal costs.
Technological innovations will enable “universal mobility services”.
Four objectives to achieve this: decarbonized or low-carbon mobility, inclusive mobility, affordable mobility, and incorporation of mobility into urban development.

5. Technology for Mobility Transformation

Eco-friendliness: All transportation modes should achieve zero emissions; infrastructure should be developed and built.
Automated Driving: Enhances efficiency, safety, and accessibility.
Smart Infrastructure: Supports digital real-time connectivity and optimized traffic management.
Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Provides seamless, on-demand transport across multiple modes.

6. Conclusion

Mobility transformation is a gradual but essential shift toward universal mobility services, integrating technology, policy, and infrastructure to create equitable, efficient, and sustainable transportation systems. As demographic and environmental challenges evolve, continued adaptation is necessary to ensure mobility solutions meet future societal needs.

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